Improved algorithms to acquire and process gravity and deformation data

The work presented in this deliverable is part of the efforts to meet the following sub-objectives of the DigiMon project: • Prepare for integration of DigiMon system by developing and lifting individual components of the system to a common, high TRL. • Secure optimal performance of the DigiMon system by optimization and validation of processing software for DigiMon system components • Develop and implement efficient techniques for data acquisition and processing of gravity, seafloor deformation and seismic data. More specifically, deliverable D2.1 summarizes contributions to the development of two individual technologies, microgravity at the seafloor and seafloor deformation monitoring for applications within CCS. In total, four individual developments are described in this deliverable. The developments contribute to reducing the cost of gravimetry and seafloor deformation monitoring to make them more feasible for CO2 sequestration applications, which are more price-sensitive than for the case of oil and gas. In addition, they aim at improving the accuracy of the data to facilitate refined quantitative estimates of the properties of the storage unit and improve CCS management

Project report on WP1 outcomes relevant to other WPs

This report summaries some of the key technologies that have been studied and developed through WP1 with the purpose of transferring these finding to other WPs in the DigiMon project. The objective of the DigiMon project is to develop an early-warning system for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) which utilises a broad range of sensor technologies including Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS). While the system is primarily focused on the CCS projects located in the shallow offshore environment of the North Sea, it is also intended to be adaptable to onshore settings. Some of the key areas that the systems will monitor include the movement of the plume within the reservoir, well integrity and CO2 leakage into the overburden. A combination of different methods will be adopted to monitor these key areas, which include active and passive seismics, gravimetry, temperature and chemical sensing. This report focuses on technology and methods which have been developed by the DigiMon project and is not intended as a technology review, which is instead the focus of the DigiMon deliverable 2.3 Technology Readiness Assessment

WP2 final report

This document summarises the significant results in work package 2 of the DigiMon project. Detailed descriptions and results from each task can be found in the referenced deliverables and publications

Critical technology elements (WP1)

The overall objective of the DigiMon project is to “accelerate the implementation of CCS by developing and demonstrating an affordable, flexible, societally embedded and smart Digital Monitoring early warning system”, for monitoring any CO2 storage reservoir and subsurface barrier system. Within the project the objective of WP1 was to develop individual technologies, data acquisition, analysis techniques and workflows in preparation for inclusion in the DigiMon system. The technologies and data processing techniques developed as part of WP1 include distributed fibre-optic sensing (DFOS) for seismic surveys and chemical sensing, 4D gravity and seafloor deformation measurements, a new seismic source and seismic monitoring survey design. For these technologies the key targets for WP1 were • Develop individual components of the system to raise individual technology readiness levels (TRLs), • Validate and optimise processing software for individual system components, • Develop an effective Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS) data interpretation workflow. This work was performed with the expected outcomes of • Raising the DAS TRL for passive seismic monitoring, • An assessment the feasibility of using Distributed Chemical Sensing (DCS) for CO2 detection, • Reducing the cost of 4D gravity and seafloor deformation measurements